Creates a new inbound or outbound firewall rule and adds the rule to the target computer.
Networking / Security · Risk: High · Documentation Verified
Last verified: 2026-10-26
Microsoft NetSecurity reference: Creates a new inbound or outbound firewall rule and adds the rule to the target computer. The syntax and selected example below are adapted from the pinned Windows Server 2025 reference. Module availability, target configuration and delegated permissions determine whether it can run in your environment. Documentation and parameter text: Microsoft, CC BY 4.0; formatting adapted by Cmdlet World. No execution testing is claimed.
Use an account with the target resource permissions documented for New-NetFirewallRule. Modifying administrative cmdlets may require elevation or delegated administration. This catalog does not assert that ordinary users can execute the command.
Supported environments
Windows / NetSecurity · Windows Server 2025 documentation; feature/module prerequisites apply
Parameters
-Action
Specifies that matching firewall rules of the indicated action are created. This parameter specifies the action to take on traffic that matches this rule. The acceptable values for this parameter are: Allow or Block. - Allow: Network packets that match all criteria specified in this rule are permitted through the firewall. This is the default value. - Block: Network packets that match all criteria specified in this rule are dropped by the firewall. The default value is Allow. The OverrideBlockRules field changes an allow rule into an allow bypass rule.
-AsJob
Runs the cmdlet as a background job. Use this parameter to run commands that take a long time to complete.
-Authentication
Specifies that authentication is required on firewall rules. The acceptable values for this parameter are: NotRequired, Required, or NoEncap. - NotRequired: Any network packet matches this rule, that it is protected by IPsec. This option is the equivalent of not selecting the allow only secure connections option in the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security MMC snap-in. - Required: Network packets that are authenticated by IPsec match this rule. A separate IPsec rule must be created to authenticate the traffic. This option is the equivalent of the allow only secure connections option in the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security MMC snap-in. This is the default value. - NoEncap: Network connections that are authenticated, but not encapsulated by Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) or Authentication Header (AH) match this rule. This option is useful for connections that must be monitored by network equipment, such as intrusion detection systems (IDS), that are not compatible with ESP NULL-protected network packets. The initial connection is authenticated by IPsec by using AuthIP, but the quick mode SA permits clear-text traffic. To use this option, you must also configure an IPsec rule that specifies authentication with encapsulation none as a quick mode security method. In the Microsoft Management Console (MMC), authentication and encryption are combined into one set of radio buttons. In Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) or Windows PowerShell®, authentication and encryption are given as two separate options. A rule can be queried for this condition, or modified by using the security filter object. See the Get-NetFirewallSecurityFilter cmdlet for more information.
-CimSession
Runs the cmdlet in a remote session or on a remote computer. Enter a computer name or a session object, such as the output of a New-CimSession or Get-CimSession cmdlet. The default is the current session on the local computer.
-Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.
-Description
Specifies that matching firewall rules of the indicated description are created. Wildcard characters are accepted. This parameter provides information about the firewall rule. This parameter specifies the localized, user-facing description of the IPsec rule.
Prerequisites
Windows with the NetSecurity module and the Windows feature or management tools that provide it. Confirm target connectivity and version compatibility using the linked Microsoft reference.
Security considerations
This cmdlet changes system state. Review every target and parameter in the official reference, test outside production, and prepare an appropriate backup or rollback. Do not execute the example automatically.
This example creates an outbound firewall rule to block all of the traffic from the local computer that originates on TCP port 80. Source: Microsoft, CC BY 4.0; transcript prompt/output removed. This example was not executed.
Specifies that matching firewall rules of the indicated direction are created. This parameter specifies which direction of traffic to match with this rule. The acceptable values for this parameter are: Inbound or Outbound. The default value is Inbound.
-DisplayName (required)
Specifies that only matching firewall rules of the indicated display name are created. Wildcard characters are accepted. Specifies the localized, user-facing name of the firewall rule being created. When creating a rule this parameter is required. This parameter value is locale-dependent. If the object is not modified, then this parameter value may change in certain circumstances. When writing scripts in multi-lingual environments, the *Name* parameter should be used instead, where the default value is a randomly assigned value. This parameter cannot be set to All.
-DynamicTarget
Specifies a dynamic transport. The cmdlet adds the dynamic transport that you specify as a condition that must be matched for the firewall rule to apply. The acceptable values for this parameter are: - Any - ProximityApps - ProximitySharing - WifiDirectPrinting - WifiDirectDisplay - WifiDirectDevices The default value is Any. Some types of dynamic transports, such as proximity sharing, abstract the network layer details. This means that you cannot use standard network layer conditions, such as protocols and ports, to identify the dynamic transports.
-EdgeTraversalPolicy
Specifies that matching firewall rules of the indicated edge traversal policy are created. This parameter specifies how this firewall rule will handle edge traversal cases. Valid only when the *Direction* parameter is set to Inbound. The acceptable values for this parameter are: Block, Allow, DeferToUser, or DeferToApp. This parameter specifies that traffic that traverses an edge device, such as a network address translation (NAT)-enabled router, between the local and remote computer matches this rule. If this parameter is set to DeferToUser or DeferToApp, then Windows allows the user or application to programmatically register with the firewall to receive inbound unsolicited application traffic from the edge device.
-Enabled
Specifies that matching firewall rules of the indicated state are created. This parameter specifies that the rule object is administratively enabled or administratively disabled. The acceptable values for this parameter are: - True: Specifies the rule is currently enabled. - False: Specifies the rule is currently disabled. Note, that the type of this parameter is not boolean, therefore $true and $false variables are not acceptable values here. Use "True" and "False" text strings instead. A disabled rule will not actively modify computer behavior, but the management construct still exists on the computer so it can be re-enabled.
-Encryption
Specifies that encryption in authentication is required on firewall rules. The authentication is done through a separate IPsec or main mode rule. The acceptable values for this parameter are: NotRequired, Required, or Dynamic. - NotRequired: Encryption is not required for authentication. This is the default value. - Required: Encryption is required for authentication through an IPsec rule. - Dynamic: Allows computers to dynamically negotiate encryption. A rule can be queried for this condition, or modified by using the security filter object. See the Get-NetFirewallSecurityFilter cmdlet for more information.
-GPOSession
Specifies the network GPO from which to retrieve the rules to be created. This parameter is used in the same way as the *PolicyStore* parameter. When modifying GPOs in Windows PowerShell®, each change to a GPO requires the entire GPO to be loaded, modified, and saved back. On a busy Domain Controller (DC), this can be a slow and resource-heavy operation. A GPO Session loads a domain GPO onto the local computer and makes all changes in a batch, before saving it back. This reduces the load on the DC and speeds up the Windows PowerShell cmdlets. To load a GPO Session, use the Open-NetGPO cmdlet. To save a GPO Session, use the Save-NetGPO cmdlet.
-Group
Specifies that only matching firewall rules of the indicated group association are copied. Wildcard characters are accepted. This parameter specifies the source string for the *DisplayGroup* parameter. If the *DisplayGroup* parameter value is a localizable string, then this parameter contains an indirect string. Rule groups can be used to organize rules by influence and allows batch rule modifications. Using the Set-NetFirewallRule cmdlets, if the group name is specified for a set of rules or sets, then all of the rules or sets in that group receive the same set of modifications. It is a good practice to specify this parameter value with a universal and world-ready indirect @FirewallAPI name. The *DisplayGroup* parameter cannot be specified upon object creation using the New-NetFirewallRule cmdlet, but can be modified using dot-notation and the Set-NetFirewallRule cmdlet.
-IcmpType
Specifies the ICMP type codes. The key encoding is specified by running the Set-NetFirewallSetting cmdlet with the *KeyEncoding* parameter. The acceptable values for this parameter are: - ICMP type code: 0-255. - ICMP type code pairs: 3:4. - Keyword: Any. A rule can be queried for this condition, modified by using the security filter object, or both. See the Get-NetFirewallPortFilter cmdlet for more information.
-InterfaceAlias
Specifies the alias of the interface that applies to the traffic. Querying for rules with this parameter can only be performed using filter objects. See the Get-NetFirewallInterfaceFilter cmdlet for more information.
-InterfaceType
Specifies that only network connections made through the indicated interface types are subject to the requirements of this rule. This parameter specifies different authentication requirements for each of the three main network types. The acceptable values for this parameter are: Any, Wired, Wireless, or RemoteAccess. The default value is Any. Querying for rules with this parameter can only be performed using filter objects. See the Get-NetFirewallInterfaceTypeFilter cmdlet for more information.
-LocalAddress
Specifies that network packets with matching IP addresses match this rule. This parameter value is the first end point of an IPsec rule and specifies the computers that are subject to the requirements of this rule. This parameter value is an IPv4 or IPv6 address, hostname, subnet, range, or the following keyword: Any. The acceptable formats for this parameter are: - Single IPv4 Address: 1.2.3.4 - Single IPv6 Address: fe80::1 - IPv4 Subnet (by network bit count): 1.2.3.4/24 - IPv6 Subnet (by network bit count): fe80::1/48 - IPv4 Subnet (by network mask): 1.2.3.4/255.255.255.0 - IPv4 Range: 1.2.3.4-1.2.3.7 - IPv6 Range: fe80::1-fe80::9 Querying for rules with this parameter can only be performed using filter objects. See the Get-NetFirewallAddressFilter cmdlet for more information.
-LocalOnlyMapping
Indicates that matching firewall rules of the indicated value are created. This parameter specifies the firewall rules for local only mapping, which describes whether a packet must pass through a local address on the way to the destination. Non-TCP traffic is session-less. Windows Firewall authorizes traffic per session, not per packet, for performance reasons. Generally, non-TCP sessions are inferred by checking the following fields: local address, remote address, protocol, local port, and remote port. If this parameter is set to True, then the remote address and port will be ignored when inferring remote sessions. Sessions will be grouped based on local address, protocol, and local port. This is similar to the *LooseSourceMapping* parameter, but performs better in cases where the traffic does not need to be filtered by remote address. This could improve performance on heavy server workloads where UDP requests come from dynamic client ports. For instance, Teredo relay servers.
-LocalPort
Specifies that network packets with matching IP local port numbers match this rule. The acceptable value is a port, range, or keyword and depends on the protocol. If the *Protocol* parameter value is TCP or UDP, then the acceptable values for this parameter are: - Port range: 0-65535. - Port number: 80. - Keyword: PlayToDiscovery or Any. If the *Protocol* parameter value is ICMPv4 or ICMPv6, then the acceptable values for this parameter are: - An ICMP type, code pair: 0, 8. - Type and code: 0-255. - Keyword: Any. If the *Protocol* parameter is not specified, then the acceptable values for this parameter are: RPC, RPCEPMap, Teredo, IPHTTPSIn, IPHTTPSOut, or Any. IPHTTPS is only supported on Windows Server 2012. Querying for rules with this parameter can only be performed using filter objects. See the Get-NetFirewallPortFilter cmdlet for more information.
-LocalUser
Specifies the principals to which network traffic this firewall rule applies. Principals for which the network traffic this firewall rule should apply. The principals, represented by security identifiers (SIDs) in the security descriptor definition language (SDDL) string, are services, users, application containers, or any SID to which network traffic is associated. This parameter specifies that only network packets that are authenticated as coming from or going to a principal identified in the list of accounts (SID) match this rule. Querying for rules with this parameter can only be performed using filter objects. See the Get-NetFirewallSecurityFilter cmdlet for more information.
-LooseSourceMapping
Indicates that matching firewall rules of the indicated value are created. This parameter specifies the firewall rules for loose source mapping, which describes whether a packet can have a non-local source address when being forwarded to a destination. If this parameter is set to True, then the rule accepts packets incoming from a host other than the one the packets were sent to. This parameter applies only to UDP protocol traffic. The default value is False.
-Name
Specifies that only matching firewall rules of the indicated name are created. Wildcard characters are accepted. This parameter acts just like a file name, in that only one rule with a given name may exist in a policy store at a time. During group policy processing and policy merge, rules that have the same name but come from multiple stores being merged, will overwrite one another so that only one exists. This overwriting behavior is desirable if the rules serve the same purpose. For instance, all of the firewall rules have specific names, so if an administrator can copy these rules to a GPO, and the rules will override the local versions on a local computer. GPOs can have precedence. So if an administrator has a different or more specific rule with the same name in a higher-precedence GPO, then it overrides other rules that exist. The default value is a randomly assigned value. When the defaults for main mode encryption need to overridden, specify the customized parameters and set this parameter, making it the new default setting for encryption.
-OverrideBlockRules
Indicates that matching network traffic that would otherwise be blocked are allowed. The network traffic must be authenticated by using a separate IPsec rule. If the *Direction* parameter is set to Inbound, then this parameter is valid only for rules that have one or more accounts listed in the *RemoteUser* parameter and optionally the *RemoteMachine* parameter. Network packets that match this rule and that are successfully authenticated against a computer account specified in the *RemoteUser* parameter and against a user account identified in the *RemoteMachine* parameter are permitted through the firewall. If this parameter is specified, then the *Authentication* parameter cannot be set to NotRequired. This parameter is equivalent to the override block rules checkbox in the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security MMC snap-in. For computers that are running Windows® 7 or nextref_server_7, this parameter is permitted on an outbound rule. Selecting this parameter on an outbound rule causes matching traffic to be permitted through this rule even if other matching rules would block the traffic. No accounts are required in the *RemoteMachine* or *RemoteUser* parameter for an outbound bypass rule, however, if authorized or excepted computers are listed in those groups the rules will be enforced. This parameter is not valid on outbound rules on computers that are running firstref_vista or earlier. Querying for rules with this parameter can only be performed using filter objects. See the Get-NetFirewallSecurityFilter cmdlet for more information.
-Owner
Specifies that matching firewall rules of the indicated owner are created. This parameter specifies the owner of the firewall rule, represented as an SDDL string. All Windows Store applications that require network traffic create network isolation rules (normally through installing via the Store), where the user that installed the application is the owner. This parameter specifies that only network packets that are authenticated as coming from or going to an owner identified in the list of accounts (SID) match this rule.
-Package
Specifies the Windows Store application to which the firewall rule applies. This parameter is specified as a security identifier (SID). Querying for rules with this parameter can only be performed using filter objects. See the Get-NetFirewallApplicationFilter cmdlet for more information.
-Platform
Specifies which version of Windows the associated rule applies. The acceptable format for this parameter is a number in the Major.Minor format. The version number of 6.0 corresponds to Vista (nextref_vista), 6.1 corresponds to Win7 (Windows® 7 or firstref_longhorn), and 6.2 corresponds to Win8 (Windows® 8 or Windows Server 2012). If + is not specified, then only that version is associated. If + is specified, then that version and later versions are associated. Querying for rules with this parameter with the Get-NetFirewallRule cmdlet cannot be performed.
-PolicyStore
Specifies the policy store from which to retrieve the rules to be created. A policy store is a container for firewall and IPsec policy. The acceptable values for this parameter are: - PersistentStore: Sometimes called static rules, this store contains the persistent policy for the local computer. This policy is not from GPOs, and has been created manually or programmatically (during application installation) on the computer. Rules created in this store are attached to the ActiveStore and activated on the computer immediately. - ActiveStore: This store contains the currently active policy, which is the sum of all policy stores that apply to the computer. This is the resultant set of policy (RSOP) for the local computer (the sum of all GPOs that apply to the computer), and the local stores (the PersistentStore, the static Windows service hardening (WSH), and the configurable WSH). ---- GPOs are also policy stores. Computer GPOs can be specified as follows. ------ -PolicyStore hostname. ---- Active Directory GPOs can be specified as follows. ------ -PolicyStore domain.fqdn.com\GPO_Friendly_Namedomain.fqdn.comGPO_Friendly_Name. ------ Such as the following. -------- -PolicyStore localhost -------- -PolicyStore corp.contoso.com\FirewallPolicy ---- Active Directory GPOs can be created using the New-GPO cmdlet or the Group Policy Management Console. - RSOP: This read-only store contains the sum of all of the GPOs applied to the local computer. - SystemDefaults: This read-only store contains the default state of firewall rules that ship with Windows Server 2012. - StaticServiceStore: This read-only store contains all the service restrictions that ship with Windows Server 2012. Optional and product-dependent features are considered part of Windows Server 2012 for the purposes of WFAS. - ConfigurableServiceStore: This read-write store contains all the service restrictions that
-Profile
Specifies one or more profiles to which the rule is assigned. The rule is active on the local computer only when the specified profile is currently active. This relationship is many-to-many and can be indirectly modified by the user, by changing the Profiles field on instances of firewall rules. Only one profile is applied at a time. The acceptable values for this parameter are: Any, Domain, Private, Public, or NotApplicable. The default value is Any. Separate multiple entries with a comma and do not include any spaces. Use the keyword Any to configure the profile as Private, Public, Domain in the ConfigurableServiceStore.
-Program
Specifies the path and file name of the program for which the rule allows traffic. This is specified as the full path to an application file. Querying for rules with this parameter can only be performed using filter objects. See the Get-NetFirewallApplicationFilter cmdlet for more information.
-Protocol
Specifies that network packets with matching IP addresses match this rule. This parameter specifies the protocol for an IPsec rule. The acceptable values for this parameter are: - Protocols by number: 0-255. - Protocols by name: TCP, UDP, ICMPv4, or ICMPv6. If a port number is identified by using numeric values (80, 443, 8080, etc.), then this parameter must be set to TCP or UDP. The values ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 create a rule that exempts ICMP network traffic from the IPsec requirements of another rule. The default value is Any. Querying for rules with this parameter can only be performed using filter objects. See the Get-NetFirewallPortFilter cmdlet for more information.
-RemoteAddress
Specifies that network packets with matching IP addresses match this rule. This parameter value is an IPv4 or IPv6 address, subnet, range or keyword. The acceptable formats for this parameter are: - Single IPv4 Address: 1.2.3.4 - Single IPv6 Address: fe80::1 - IPv4 Subnet (by network bit count): 1.2.3.4/24 - IPv6 Subnet (by network bit count): fe80::1/48 - IPv4 Subnet (by network mask): 1.2.3.4/255.255.255.0 - IPv4 Range: 1.2.3.4-1.2.3.7 - IPv6 Range: fe80::1-fe80::9 - Keyword: Any, LocalSubnet, DNS, DHCP, WINS, DefaultGateway, Internet, Intranet, IntranetRemoteAccess, PlayToDevice, CaptivePortal. NOTE: Keywords can be restricted to IPv4 or IPv6 by appending a 4 or 6 (for example, keyword "LocalSubnet4" means that all local IPv4 addresses are matching this rule). Querying for rules with this parameter can only be performed using filter objects. See the Get-NetFirewallAddressFilter cmdlet for more information.
-RemoteDynamicKeywordAddresses
Specifies the dynamic keyword address IDs to be used for the remote host of the traffic matched by this rule.
-RemoteMachine
Specifies that matching IPsec rules of the indicated computer accounts are created. This parameter specifies that only network packets that are authenticated as incoming from or outgoing to a computer identified in the list of computer accounts (SID) match this rule. This parameter value is specified as an SDDL string. Querying for rules with this parameter can only be performed using filter objects. See the Get-NetFirewallSecurityFilter cmdlet for more information.
-RemotePort
Specifies that network packets with matching IP port numbers match this rule. This parameter value is the second end point of an IPsec rule. The acceptable value is a port, range, or keyword and depends on the protocol. If the protocol is TCP or UDP, then the acceptable values for this parameter are: - Port range: 0-65535 - Port number: 80 - Keyword: Any If the protocol is ICMPv4 or ICMPv6, then the acceptable values for this parameter are: - An ICMP type, code pair: 0, 8 - Type and code: 0-255 - Keyword: Any. If a protocol is not specified, then the acceptable values for this parameter are: Any, RPC, RPC-EPMap, or IPHTTPS. IPHTTPS is only supported on Windows Server 2012. Querying for rules with this parameter can only be performed using filter objects. See the Get-NetFirewallPortFilter cmdlet for more information.
-RemoteUser
Specifies that matching IPsec rules of the indicated user accounts are created. This parameter specifies that only network packets that are authenticated as incoming from or outgoing to a user identified in the list of user accounts match this rule. This parameter value is specified as an SDDL string. Querying for rules with this parameter can only be performed using filter objects. See the Get-NetFirewallSecurityFilter cmdlet for more information.
-Service
Specifies the short name of a Windows Server 2012 service to which the firewall rule applies. If this parameter is not specified, then network traffic generated by any program or service matches this rule. Querying for rules with this parameter can only be performed using filter objects. See the Get-NetFirewallServiceFilter cmdlet for more information.
-ThrottleLimit
Specifies the maximum number of concurrent operations that can be established to run the cmdlet. If this parameter is omitted or a value of 0 is entered, then Windows PowerShell® calculates an optimum throttle limit for the cmdlet based on the number of CIM cmdlets that are running on the computer. The throttle limit applies only to the current cmdlet, not to the session or to the computer.
-WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.